Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. When this process is disrupted, it leads to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), which can damage organs over time. There are two main types: Type 1 diabetes, which is usually diagnosed in childhood and requires lifelong insulin therapy, and Type 2 diabetes, which is more common and often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and inactivity. Managing diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar, a healthy diet, exercise, and medication or insulin when needed.

• Types: There are mainly two types — Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 (lifestyle-related).
• Symptoms: Common symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.
• Complications: If unmanaged, it can lead to heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems.
• Diagnosis: Diagnosed through blood tests like fasting glucose and HbA1c levels.